Book of Mormon Geography

List of Place Names and Scriptural References.

Skip this introductory material and go directly to the list of starting letters for place names. .

Book of Mormon map with coordinate grid.

Introduction . In the table below, geographical and other place names in the land of promise in the Americas are listed in alphabetical order, with their generic map coordinates and the geographical and other scriptural references. The latter includes references to chapter headings and the Guide to the Scriptures, where they are helpful. My notes and comments are lettered in green [often parenthetically]. . Map coordinates identify 9 cells: [A,1] through [C,3] shown in the letters and numbers in the map margins, as can be seen in the sketch to the right. Cell [A,1] is in the upper left, with [A,2] and [A,3] to the right. The first row of Cells includes the Land Northward and including the Small or Narrow Neck of Land. Cells [B,1] through [B,3] are in the middle row (comprising the northern half of the Land Southward, but not including the Small or Narrow Neck of Land nor the Narrow Strip of Wilderness); and [C,1] through [C,3] are at the bottom (comprising the southern half of the Land Southward, and including the Narrow Strip of Wilderness). . Since exact locations are not given (rather, only the names), we will adopt the convention that the coordinates given will be for the cell containing most of the letters of the place name. For prominent wide-area names such as the Land/City of Zarahemla and the Land/City of Nephi which straddle a cell boundary, we will give the coordinates of both cells as the location. .
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Notes About the Map:

In many of the scriptural references, the words up and down are used to refer respectively to South and North. This is counterintuitive to our western use of maps in which up implies going toward the top of the page, most often North. The River Sidon, for example, flows to the North (from the Narrow Strip of Wilderness to the Sea East), which would therefore be at the lower elevation. Hence, down is toward the North, and up is toward the South. . There are almost no measures of geographical scale in Book of Mormon scripture. And in any case, if you know one scale (such as the width of the narrow neck of land: "And now, it was only the distance of a day and a half’s journey for a Nephite, on the line Bountiful and the land Desolation, from the east to the west sea" [Alma 22:32]) you cannot impute that scale to any other distance on our generic or schematic map.

Similarly,

"And they fled eight days’ journey into the wilderness. And they came to a land [land of Helam], yea, even a very beautiful and pleasant land, a land of pure water." [Mosiah 23:3-4],

"... when he had finished his work at Melek he departed thence, and traveled three days’ journey on the north of the land of Melek; and he came to a city which was called Ammonihah." [Alma 8:6],

"and took their journey into the wilderness. And after they had been in the wilderness twelve days they arrived in the land of Zarahemla." [Mosiah 24:25],

The valley of Corihor was apparently within hailing distance by a trumpet blast from the hill Comnor: "And they [the army of Shiz (Ether 14:27)] pitched their tents in the valley of Corihor; and Coriantumr pitched his tents in the valley of Shurr. Now the valley of Shurr was near the hill Comnor; wherefore, Coriantumr did gather his armies together upon the hill Comnor, and did sound a trumpet unto the armies of Shiz to invite them forth to battle" (Ether 14:28).

and others all provide no information about the scale of other journeys or distances on our generic or schematic map.

. Most of the Nephite (and perhaps Lamanite) cities and lands, etc., were named after people. Perhaps the Jaredite places were named such too. "Now it was the custom of the people of Nephi to call their lands, and their cities, and their villages, yea, even all their small villages, after the name of him who first possessed them; ..." [Alma 8:7; also, e.g., Alma 6:7, referring to the valley and city of Gideon]. The Lamanites also called at least one of their cities Jerusalem after the land of their fathers [... the land which was called by the Lamanites, Jerusalem, calling it after the land of their fathers’ nativity; ... - Alma 21:1]. . The term "land of" is often used to refer to places, especially the land of Zarahemla, the land of Lehi-Nephi, the land Bountiful, etc. Clearly, there are some times when "land of" refers to a broad and extensive or greater region, usually around a principal city of the same name; and there are other times when it refers to the principal city and only what we would call its immediate suburbs. References to the land Desolation also fall into the above dichotomy; but in this case there is a third extension: referring to the whole of the land northward. At any rate, the context often makes these distinctions clear; other times, of course, it does not. But it is a notion that we need to keep in mind. . In these scriptural references my notes and comments are lettered in green to distinguish them from the scriptural references, chapter headings, descriptions from the Guide to the Scriptures, etc.

A Few Memorable Book of Mormon Events

Also in green notes, we will identify the places where a few memorable Book of Mormon events occurred, but which have no other geographic significance. The idea here is to have a note that it was, for example, the Zoramites at Antionum who prayed atop their Rameumptom or holy stand [Alma 31:21, in ~74 BC]. This and a few other memorable events [roughly in date order] are as follows:

The Liahona (first acquired before Lehi left the old world) was carried (with the brass plates, sword of Laban, etc.) to the land of Nephi [~588-570 BC].
Building a temple was an early priority for the people of Nephi, as they established themselves in the land of Nephi [~580s BC], and thereafter.
The Prophet Abinadi prophesies among the people of wicked Nephite king Noah in the land of Shilom. Abinadi's teachings are instrumental in the conversion of Alma the elder; but Abinadi is ultimately delivered to the flames by King Noah [~150 BC].
Alma the elder is converted through the teachings of Prophet Abinadi, and gathers other converts at the Waters of Mormon, which place was near the borders of Nephi and Jersulem [~148 BC].
Ammon, a descendant of Mulekite leader Zarahemla, leads an expedition (Mosiah 7:1-3) from the land of Zarahemla to liberate Nephite immigrants at Shilom in the land of Nephi under Nephite King Limhi [~121 BC]. He learns of the record of the Jaredite nation.
Alma the younger and the 4 sons of King Mosiah are converted near Zarahemla through the teachings of an angel whose voice of thunder shakes the ground [~100 to ~92 BC].
Alma the younger and Amulek preach and are abused at the city of Ammonihah. They also escape a prison collapse at or near the city of Ammonihah [~81 BC].
Zeezrom is miracuously healed in the land of Sidom through his faith and by a blessing of the Lord under the hand of Alma [~81 BC].
The wicked city of Ammonihah is called the Desolation of the Nehors after it is sacked by a Lamanite army in a single day [~81 BC].
Ammon, a son of Mosiah, meets Lamanite King Lamoni, and rescues his flocks at the waters of Sebus [~77-74 BC]. His converts become known as the People of Ammon.
The Lamanite pacifist People of Ammon under King Lamoni, immigrated first to the land of Jershon and within a few years relocated to Melek [~77-74 BC].
The first use of body armor was at Antionum and the nearby land of Jershon [~74 BC].
The Zoramites at Antionum uttered a fixed prayer atop their Rameumptom or holy stand [~74 BC].
Korihor the Anit-Christ went from Zarahemla to Antionum after being struck dumb by God, and was there (at Antionum) trodden down, and died [~74 BC].
Alma the younger taught the apostate Zoramites to try an "experiment upon my words" at Onidah near Antionum [~74 BC].
Lamanite leader Zarahemna is scalped and defeated by Moroni's army at west valley near the hill Riplah; Zarahemna was released after making a covenant of peace [~74 BC].
The first use of the term Christians is made as Moroni raised his Title of Liberty over the land southward [~73 BC].
The first use of city fortifications were at Ammonihah and Noah, and then at other cities and places of security [~72 BC].
The 2,000 sons of the pacifist People of Ammon (or Stripling Warriors) first fought in the battle of the West Wilderness (and later at the battle of Cumeni) without a single fatal casualty [~64 BC].
The prophet Nephi prophesies the murder of chief judge Seezoram in the land of Zarahemla [~23 BC]; he is accused of complicity and later vindicated.
From atop the walls of the city of Zarahemla, Samuel the Lamanite prophesies (Helaman 13-15; in ~6 BC) the future birth of the Son of God (Helaman 14:2) at Bethlehem. He miraculously escapes the stones and arrows cast at him while he is on the walls.
The Savior's advent in the Americas occurred at the temple in Bountiful [~34 AD].
Moroni laments the staggering losses in the final Nephite battle at Cumorah [~385 AD]. There are also brief notes on the final destruction of the Jaredite nation [something like 6,000,000 souls] at the same place much earlier.

. We will also sometimes include scriptures as references if they help establish where people are when they comment about where someplace else is. This will help us with the relationships between places and somewhat with their relative locations. . In the "Place Names" column in the table below, and also in the references, Nephite and Lamanite place names are lettered in black; and Jaredite place names are lettered in RED. This is the same convention we used in the Map. The hypertext link coloring clutters it a bit. Perhaps in a future edition we will attend to that in a better way. . There are some cities which are unmapped (and which we have lettered in GREY in the List of Place Names and Scriptural References below). We have done this because although there is at least one scripture that refers to them (which we have usually included in this table), the scriptural references give little hint about the geography or location of these cities. We have also done it in part so that the list will be more complete. For more detail, see also the note and conjecture at the city of Kishkumen concerning that city and other unmapped cities. Note, also, that we include the odd place name among those that are unmapped when they do not appear to have great significance (with usually only a single scriptural reference), and when adding them to the map would only add congestion. .

Return to the Map page. .

Go to the Timeline of Dates, Locations and Events. .

List of Place Names and Scriptural References.

A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.P.Q.R.S.T.U.V.W.X.Y.Z
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Place Name

Coordinates and scriptural references,
... some with notes and comments in green.

A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.P.Q.R.S.T.U.V.W.X.Y.Z .

Aaron (near Nephihah), Aaron (near Ammonihah), Ablom, Agosh (Plains of Agosh), Alma (Valley of Alma), Ammonihah, Amnihu (Hill Amnihu), Amulon, Angola, Ani-Anti, Antionum, Antiparah, Antipas (Onidah & Mt. Antipas), Antum & Hill Shim, Appointed Place (Place of Security), Arms, place of (Onidah). .

Aaron, city of,
near Nephihah
and Moroni.

[There are two
cities of Aaron;
see also below].

Coordinates: [B,3]. [This is the City of Aaron that is near Nephihah and Moroni (Alma 50:14)].

Alma 50:13-16 - And it came to pass that the Nephites began the foundation of a city, and they called the name of the city Moroni; and it was by the east sea; and it was on the south by the line [the narrow strip of wilderness which separated the possessions of the Nephites from the lands] of the possessions of the Lamanites. And they also began a foundation for a city between the city of Moroni and the city of Aaron, joining the borders of Aaron and Moroni; and they called the name of the city, or the land, Nephihah. And they also began in that same year [~72 BC] to build many cities on the north, one in a particular manner which they called Lehi, which was in the north by the borders of the seashore. And thus ended the twentieth year [~72 BC].

Aaron, city of,
near Ammonihah.

[There are two
cities of Aaron;
see also above].

Coordinates: [B,1]. [This is the City of Aaron that is near Ammonihah (Alma 8:13)].

Alma 8:13 - Now when the people [of Ammonihah (Alma 8:9)] had said this, and withstood all his words, and reviled him, and spit upon him, and caused that he should be cast out of their city, he departed thence and took his journey towards the city which was called Aaron.

Ablom

Coordinates: [A,3].

Ether 9:3 - And the Lord warned Omer in a dream that he should depart out of the land; wherefore Omer departed out of the land with his family, and traveled many days, and came over and passed by the hill of Shim, and came over by the place where the Nephites were destroyed [Cumorah/Ramah], and from thence eastward, and came to a place which was called Ablom, by the seashore, and there he pitched his tent, and also his sons and his daughters, and all his household, save it were Jared and his family.

Alma

Coordinates: [C,3].
See Valley of Alma. .

Ammonihah,
city of, or land of

Coordinates: [B,1].

Alma 8:6 - So that when he had finished his work at Melek he departed thence, and traveled three days’ journey on the north of the land of Melek; and he came to a city which was called Ammonihah.

Alma 8:7 - Now it was the custom of the people of Nephi to call their lands, and their cities, and their villages, yea, even all their small villages, after the name of him who first possessed them; and thus it was with the land of Ammonihah.

. Alma 14:8-9 - And they [the people of Ammonihah] brought their wives and children together, and whosoever believed or had been taught to believe in the word of God they caused that they should be cast into the fire; and they also brought forth their records which contained the holy scriptures, and cast them into the fire also, that they might be burned and destroyed by fire. And it came to pass that they took Alma and Amulek, and carried them forth to the place of martyrdom, that they might witness the destruction of those who were consumed by fire.

. Later, Alma and Amulek were miraculously preserved in the collapse of the prison in which they were being held at or near Ammonihah.Alma 14:27-28 - And it came to pass that so great was their fear that they (the captors of Alma and Amulek) fell to the earth, and did not obtain the outer door of the prison; and the earth shook mightily, and the walls of the prison were rent in twain, so that they fell to the earth; and the chief judge, and the lawyers, and priests, and teachers, who smote upon Alma and Amulek, were slain by the fall thereof. And Alma and Amulek came forth out of the prison, and they were not hurt; for the Lord had granted unto them power, according to their faith which was in Christ. And they straightway came forth out of the prison; and they were loosed from their bands; and the prison had fallen to the earth, and every soul within the walls thereof, save it were Alma and Amulek, was slain; and they straightway came forth into the city.

Alma 15:1 - AND it came to pass that Alma and Amulek were commanded to depart out of that city [Ammonihah]; and they departed, and came out even into the land of Sidom; and behold, there they found all the people who had departed out of the land of Ammonihah, who had been cast out and stoned, because they believed in the words of Alma.

Alma 15:3 - And also Zeezrom lay sick at Sidom, with a burning fever, ... [See NOTE about Zeezrom's miraculous healing at the land of Sidom.]

Alma 16:3 - And now it came to pass, before the Nephites could raise a sufficient army to drive them out of the land, they had destroyed the people who were in the city of Ammonihah, and also some around the borders of Noah, and taken others captive into the wilderness.

Alma 16:9 - And thus ended the eleventh year of the judges, the Lamanites having been driven out of the land, and the people of Ammonihah were destroyed; yea, every living soul of the Ammonihahites was destroyed, and also their great city, which they said God could not destroy, because of its greatness.

Alma 16:11 - Nevertheless, after many days their dead bodies were heaped up upon the face of the earth, and they were covered with a shallow covering. And now so great was the scent thereof that the people did not go in to possess the land of Ammonihah for many years. And it was called Desolation of Nehors; for they were of the profession of Nehor, who were slain; and their lands remained desolate.

Alma 25:2 - But they took their armies and went over into the borders of the land of Zarahemla, and fell upon the people who were in the land of Ammonihah and destroyed them.

Alma 49:14-15 - But behold, to their astonishment, the city of Noah, which had hitherto been a weak place, had now, by the means of Moroni, become strong, yea, even to exceed the strength of the city Ammonihah. And now, behold, this was wisdom in Moroni; for he had supposed that they would be frightened at the city Ammonihah; and as the city of Noah had hitherto been the weakest part of the land, therefore they would march thither to battle; and thus it was according to his desires.

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:: :: :: :: ::
.
. NOTE: These fortifications of the city of Ammonihah and the city of Noah and other cities, were the first use of city fortifications, prepared under the instructions of Moroni (Alma 49:8). See a more extensive note concerning these fortifications at the Place of Security. .
. Note about Alma and Amulek at the city of Ammonihah.
It was at Ammonihah (Alma 14:23) that Alma and Amulek were forced to observe the burning of the believers with their scriptures (Alma 14:8-9, above). While still at Ammonihah, they were miraculously preserved in the collapse of the prison in which they were being held (Alma 14:27-28, above). .
. See also the NOTE about Temples in Book of Mormon Lands. It is near the bottom of the entry for the land Bountiful (where the Savior appeared to the people in ~34 AD). There was likely a temple at or near the city of Ammonihah, built in its more righteous days. .

Amnihu

Coordinates: [B,1] and [B,2].
See Hill Amnihu. .

Amulon, land of

Coordinates: [C,3].

Mosiah 23:31 - And behold, they had found those priests of king Noah, in a place which they called Amulon; and they had begun to possess the land of Amulon and had begun to till the ground.

Mosiah 23:39 - And the king of the Lamanites had granted unto Amulon [the conspiring leader of the outcast priests of wicked Nephite king Noah, after whom theland of Amulon was named (Mosiah 23:32)] that he should be a king and a ruler over his people, who were in the land of Helam; nevertheless he should have no power to do anything contrary to the will of the king of the Lamanites.

Mosiah 24:1 - AND it came to pass that Amulon [conspiring leader of the outcast priests of wicked Nephite king Noah (Mosiah 23:32)] did gain favor in the eyes of the king of the Lamanites [king Laman (Mosiah 24:3)]; therefore, the king of the Lamanites granted unto him and his brethren that they should be appointed teachers over his people, yea, even over the people who were in the land of Shemlon, and in the land of Shilom, and in the land of Amulon.

Mosiah 24:4 - And he appointed teachers of the brethren of Amulon in every land which was possessed by his people; and thus the language of Nephi [Amulon being an apostate Nephite (Mosiah 23:32 & 24:9)] began to be taught among all the people of the Lamanites.

Alma 24:1 - AND it came to pass that the Amalekites and the Amulonites and the Lamanites who were in the land of Amulon, and also in the land of Helam, and who were in the land of Jerusalem, and in fine, in all the land round about, ...

.
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. [See also the Geographic notes Re: People of Ammon at the bottom of the entrty for the land of Jershon. It provides a list of all the places where the people of Ammon arose, and also lists the places where many were not converted. This land or city is on one of those lists.] .

Angola, city of

Coordinates: [B,1].

Mormon 2:4 - And it came to pass that we did come to the city of Angola, and we did take possession of the city, and make preparations to defend ourselves against the Lamanites. And it came to pass that we did fortify the city [of Angola] with our might; but notwithstanding all our fortifications the Lamanites did come upon us and did drive us out of the city [of Angola].

Ani-Anti, village of

Coordinates: [C,2].

Alma 21:11 - Therefore, when he [Aaron (Alma 21:9)] saw that they [the people at the city of Jerusalem (Alma 21:4)] would not hear his words, he departed out of their synagogue, and came over to a village which was called Ani-Anti, and there he found Muloki preaching the word unto them; and also Ammah and his brethren. And they contended with many about the word.

Antionum, land of

Coordinates: [B,3].

Alma 31:3 - Now the Zoramites had gathered themselves together [~74 BC] in a land which they called Antionum, which was east of the land of Zarahemla, which lay nearly bordering upon the seashore, which was south of the land of Jershon, which also bordered upon the wilderness south, which wilderness was full of the Lamanites. [Alma taught on the nearby Hill Onidah (Alma 32:4)].

Alma 32:4 - Now, as Alma was teaching and speaking unto the people [among the apostate Zoramites, near Antionum] upon the hill Onidah, there came a great multitude unto him, who were those of whom we have been speaking, of whom were poor in heart, because of their poverty as to the things of the world. [It was upon the hill Onidah near Antionum that Alma taught the humble poor concerning faith: "... if ye will awake and arouse your faculties, even to an experiment upon my words, and exercise a particle of faith, yea, even if ye can no more than desire to believe, let this desire work in you, even until ye believe in a manner that ye can give place for a portion of my words" (Alma 32:27). And it was likely also where he taught "... we will compare the word unto a seed. Now, if ye give place, that a seed may be planted in your heart, behold, if it be a true seed, or a good seed, if ye do not cast it out by your unbelief, that ye will resist the Spirit of the Lord, behold, it will begin to swell within your breasts; and when you feel these swelling motions, ye will begin to say within yourselves—It must needs be that this is a good seed, or that the word is good, for it beginneth to enlarge my soul; yea, it beginneth to enlighten my understanding, yea, it beginneth to be delicious to me" (Alma 32:28). Alma had much conversion success among these poor Zoramites (Alma 35:14)].

Alma 43:4 - For behold, it came to pass that the Zoramites [in the land of Antionum had joined and] became Lamanites; therefore, in the commencement of the eighteenth year the people of the Nephites saw that the Lamanites were coming upon them; therefore they made preparations for war; yea, they gathered together their armies in the land of Jershon.

Alma 43:15 - And it came to pass as the armies of the Lamanites had gathered together in the land of Antionum, behold, the armies of the Nephites were prepared to meet them [under the leadership of Moroni (Alma 43:16)] in the land of Jershon. [By this time, the pacifist people of Ammon had moved from the land of Jershon to Melek. See green note at the land of Jershon].

Alma 43:22 - Behold, now it came to pass that they durst not come against the Nephites in the borders of Jershon; therefore they departed out of the land of Antionum into the [East] wilderness, and took their journey round about in the [South] wilderness, away by the head of the river Sidon, that they might come into the land of Manti and take possession of the land; for they did not suppose that the armies of Moroni would know whither they had gone.

.
:: :: :: :: ::
.
. [The Zoramites in Antionum were apostate Nephites (Alma 31:8) who uttered a fixed prayer atop their Rameumptom or holy stand (Alma 31:21) in their synagogues in ~74 BC]. . [Korihor, the Anit-Christ (Alma 30:12), went from Zarahemla (Alma 30:6) to Jershon among the People of Ammon, where he was rejected (Alma 30:19-21), and from there to Gideon (Alma 30:21) where he was brought before the chief judge and high priest there, whose name was Giddonah (Alma 30:23). Korihor was then returned to Zarahemla where he engaged in a confrontation with Alma and the chief judge (Alma 30:29-42), demanded a sign (Alma 30:43,45), was struck dumb by God (Alma 30:49-50) and was cast out (Alma 30:56). Korihor finally came here to Antionum in ~74 BC after being struck dumb by God; and he was trodden down, and died at Antionum (Alma 30:59, 31:3)]. .
:: :: :: :: ::
. NOTE - Body Armor.
It was here at Antionum and the nearby land of Jershon that the Nephites first used body armor in ~74 BC (Alma 43:19). In that military confrontation, the Lamanites were surprised by the Nephite armor, decided that fighting would be a losing venture, and left for the land of Manti and the head of the river Sidon (Alma 43:22). In the ensuing battle (Alma 43) at the river Sidon, the Nephites prevailed (Alma 44:19-22), despite being outnumbered by more than 2 to 1 (Alma 43:51) by the Lamanites. .

Antiparah, city of

Coordinates: [B,1].

Alma 56:13-15 - And now these are the cities of which the Lamanites have obtained possession by the shedding of the blood of so many of our valiant men; The land of Manti, or the city of Manti, and the city of Zeezrom, and the city of Cumeni, and the city of Antiparah. And these are the cities which they possessed when I [Helaman (Alma 56:9)] arrived at the city of Judea; and I found Antipus and his men toiling with their might to fortify the city [of Judea].

Alma 56:31-36 - And we [Helaman and his 2,000 stripling warriors who were sons of the pacifist people of Ammon (Alma 56:5,9)] were to march near the city of Antiparah, as if we were going to the city beyond, in the borders by the seashore. And it came to pass that we did march forth, as if with our provisions, to go to that city [by the Sea]. And it came to pass that Antipus did march forth with a part of his army, leaving the remainder to maintain the city [of Judea]. But he did not march forth until I had gone forth with my little army, and came near the city Antiparah. And now, in the city Antiparah were stationed the strongest army of the Lamanites; yea, the most numerous. And it came to pass that when they [the Lamanites] had been informed by their spies, they came forth with their army and marched against us. And it came to pass that we did flee before them, northward [into the West Wilderness]. And thus we did lead away the most powerful army of the Lamanites; ...

Alma 57:1-4 - AND now it came to pass that I received an epistle from Ammoron, the king, stating that if I would deliver up those prisoners of war whom we had taken that he would deliver up the city of Antiparah unto us. But I sent an epistle unto the king, that we were sure our forces were sufficient to take the city of Antiparah by our force; and by delivering up the prisoners for that city we should suppose ourselves unwise, and that we would only deliver up our prisoners on exchange. And Ammoron refused mine epistle, for he would not exchange prisoners; therefore we began to make preparations to go against the city of Antiparah. But the people of Antiparah did leave the city, and fled to their other cities, which they had possession of, to fortify them; and thus the city of Antiparah fell into our hands.

.
:: :: :: :: ::
.
. NOTE about city fortifications.
The fortifications of the city of Antiparah, the city of Ammonihah, the city of Noah and later other cities (in fact, likely all Nephite cities--Alma 50:1), were the first use of city fortifications, prepared under the instructions of Moroni (Alma 49:8) starting in ~72 BC. See a more extensive note concerning these city fortifications at the Place of Security, including a complete list of the fortified cities which are named in the record. .

Antum/Hill Shim,
land of,
or hill of Shim

Coordinates: [A,2].

Mormon 1:3-4 - Therefore, when ye are about twenty and four years old I would that ye should remember the things that ye have observed concerning this people; and when ye are of that age go to the land Antum, unto a hill which shall be called Shim; and there have I deposited unto the Lord all the sacred engravings concerning this people. And behold, ye shall take the plates of Nephi unto yourself, and the remainder shall ye leave in the place where they are; and ye shall engrave on the plates of Nephi all the things that ye have observed concerning this people.

Mormon 2:16-17 - And it came to pass that in the three hundred and forty and fifth year the Nephites did begin to flee before the Lamanites; and they were pursued until they came even to the land of Jashon, before it was possible to stop them in their retreat. And now, the city of Jashon was near the land where Ammaron had deposited the records unto the Lord [the land Antum, at the hill Shim], that they might not be destroyed. And behold I [Mormon] had gone according to the word of Ammaron, and taken the plates of Nephi, and did make a record according to the words of Ammaron.

Mormon 4:23 - And now I, Mormon, seeing that the Lamanites were about to overthrow the land, therefore I did go to the hill Shim, and did take up all the records which Ammaron had hid up unto the Lord.

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Ether 9:3 - And the Lord warned Omer in a dream that he should depart out of the land; wherefore Omer departed out of the land with his family, and traveled many days, and came over and passed by the hill of Shim, and came over by the place where the Nephites were destroyed [Cumorah/Ramah], and from thence eastward, and came to a place which was called Ablom, by the seashore, and there he pitched his tent, and also his sons and his daughters, and all his household, save it were Jared and his family.
.

A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.P.Q.R.S.T.U.V.W.X.Y.Z .

Boaz, Bountiful. .

Boaz, city of

Coordinates: [A,1].

Mormon 4:20 - And they fled again from before them, and they came to the city Boaz; and there they did stand against the Lamanites with exceeding boldness, insomuch that the Lamanites did not beat them until they had come again the second time.

Bountiful, land of,
or city of

Coordinates: [A,2] and [B,3].

Alma 22:29-33 - And also there were many Lamanites on the east by the seashore, whither the Nephites had driven them. And thus the Nephites were nearly surrounded by the Lamanites; nevertheless the Nephites had taken possession of all the northern parts of the land bordering on the wilderness, at the head of the river Sidon, from the east to the west, round about on the wilderness side; on the north, even until they came to the land which they called Bountiful. And it bordered upon the land which they called Desolation, it being so far northward that it came into the land which had been peopled and been destroyed [the Jaredites, whose cities are lettered in RED, and which are located in the Land Northward], of whose bones we have spoken, which was discovered by the people of Zarahemla, it being the place of their first landing. And they came from there up into the south wilderness. Thus the land on the northward was called Desolation, and the land on the southward was called Bountiful, it being the wilderness which is filled with all manner of wild animals of every kind, a part of which had come from the land northward for food. And now, it was only the distance of a day and a half’s journey for a Nephite, on the line Bountiful and the land Desolation, from the east to the west sea; and thus the land of Nephi and the land of Zarahemla were nearly surrounded by water, there being a small neck of land between the land northward and the land southward. And it came to pass that the Nephites had inhabited the land Bountiful, even from the east unto the west sea, ...

Alma 27:22 - And it came to pass that the voice of the people came, saying: Behold, we will give up the land of Jershon, which is on the east by the sea, which joins the land Bountiful, which is on the south of the land Bountiful; and this land Jershon is the land which we will give unto our brethren for an inheritance.

Alma 50:11 - And thus he cut off all the strongholds of the Lamanites in the east wilderness, yea, and also on the west [Wilderness], fortifying the line between the Nephites and the Lamanites, between the land of Zarahemla and the land of Nephi, from the west sea, running by the head of the river Sidon—the Nephites possessing all the land northward, yea, even all the land which was northward of the land Bountiful, according to their pleasure.

Alma 51:30 - And it came to pass that he headed Amalickiah also, as he was marching forth with his numerous army that he might take possession of the land Bountiful, and also the land northward.

Alma 51:32 - And it came to pass that they did harass them, insomuch that they did slay them even until it was dark. And it came to pass that Teancum and his men did pitch their tents in the borders of the land Bountiful; and Amalickiah did pitch his tents in the borders on the beach by the seashore, and after this manner were they driven.

Alma 52:9 - And he also sent orders unto him that he should fortify the land Bountiful, and secure the narrow pass which led into the land northward, lest the Lamanites should obtain that point and should have power to harass them on every side.

Alma 52:15 - But behold, it came to pass in the twenty and seventh year of the reign of the judges, that Teancum, by the command of Moroni—who had established armies to protect the south and the west borders of the land, and had begun his march towards the land Bountiful, that he might assist Teancum with his men in retaking the cities which they had lost—

Alma 52:17 - And it came to pass that Teancum made preparations to make an attack upon the city of Mulek, and march forth with his army against the Lamanites; but he saw that it was impossible that he could overpower them while they were in their fortifications; therefore he abandoned his designs and returned again to the city Bountiful, to wait for the coming of Moroni, that he might receive strength to his army.

Alma 52:23-27 And it came to pass that the armies of the Lamanites did march forth against Teancum, supposing by their numbers to overpower Teancum because of the smallness of his numbers. And as Teancum saw the armies of the Lamanites coming out against him he began to retreat down by the seashore, northward [near the city Mulek]. And it came to pass that when the Lamanites saw that he began to flee, they took courage and pursued them with vigor. And while Teancum was thus leading away the Lamanites who were pursuing them in vain, behold, Moroni commanded that a part of his army who were with him should march forth into the city [Mulek], and take possession of it. And thus they did, and slew all those who had been left to protect the city [Mulek], yea, all those who would not yield up their weapons of war. And thus Moroni had obtained possession of the city Mulek with a part of his army, while he marched with the remainder to meet the Lamanites when they should return from the pursuit of Teancum. And it came to pass that the Lamanites did pursue Teancum until they came near the city Bountiful, and then they were met by Lehi and a small army, which had been left to protect the city Bountiful.

Alma 55:26 - And it came to pass that when he had fortified the city Gid, according to his desires, he caused that his prisoners should be taken to the city Bountiful; and he also guarded that city with an exceedingly strong force.

Alma 63:5-8 And it came to pass that Hagoth, he being an exceedingly curious man, therefore he went forth and built him an exceedingly large ship, on the borders of the land Bountiful, by the land Desolation, and launched it forth into the west sea, by the narrow neck which led into the land northward. And behold, there were many of the Nephites who did enter therein and did sail forth with much provisions, and also many women and children; and they took their course northward. And thus ended the thirty and seventh year. And in the thirty and eighth year, this man built other ships. And the first ship did also return, and many more people did enter into it; and they also took much provisions, and set out again to the land northward. And it came to pass that they were never heard of more. And we suppose that they were drowned in the depths of the sea. And it came to pass that one other ship also did sail forth; and whither she did go we know not.

Helaman 1:23 - And now he did not tarry in the land of Zarahemla, but he did march forth with a large army, even towards the city of Bountiful; for it was his determination to go forth and cut his way through with the sword, that he might obtain the north parts of the land [the Land Northward].

Helaman 1:27-28 But behold, the Lamanites were not frightened according to his desire, but they had come into the center of the land, and had taken the capital city which was the city of Zarahemla, and were marching through the most capital parts of the land, slaying the people with a great slaughter, both men, women, and children, taking possession of many cities and of many strongholds. But when Moronihah had discovered this, he immediately sent forth Lehi with an army round about to head them [off] before they should come to the land Bountiful.

Helaman 4:5 - And in the fifty and seventh year they did come down against the Nephites to battle, and they did commence the work of death; yea, insomuch that in the fifty and eighth year of the reign of the judges they succeeded in obtaining possession of the land of Zarahemla; yea, and also all the lands, even unto the land which was near the land Bountiful.

Helaman 5:14-16 - And they did remember his words; and therefore they went forth, keeping the commandments of God, to teach the word of God among all the people of Nephi, beginning at the city Bountiful; And from thenceforth to the city of Gid; and from the city of Gid to the city of Mulek; And even from one city to another, until they had gone forth among all the people of Nephi who were in the land southward; and from thence into the land of Zarahemla, among the Lamanites.

3 Nephi 3:22-23 - And it came to pass in the seventeenth year, in the latter end of the year, the proclamation of Lachoneus had gone forth throughout all the face of the land, and they had taken their horses, and their chariots, and their cattle, and all their flocks, and their herds, and their grain, and all their substance, and did march forth by thousands and by tens of thousands, until they had all gone forth to the place which had been appointed that they should gather themselves together, to defend themselves against their enemies. And the land which was appointed was the land of Zarahemla, and the land which was between the land Zarahemla and the land Bountiful, yea, to the line which was between the land Bountiful and the land Desolation.

3 Nephi 4:23 - And it came to pass that Zemnarihah [leader of the attacking army of robbers (3 Nephi 4:17)] did give command unto his people that they should withdraw themselves from the siege [around the Nephites' place of security in the land of Zarahemla, the land Bountiful and the land of Desolation (3 Nephi 3:23, 3 Nephi 4:15)], and march into the furthermost parts of the land northward. [But the retreating army was stopped in this march by Gidgiddoni (leader of the Nephites), and defeated, and Zemnarihah was hanged (3 Nephi 4:25-28) in ~21 AD].

3 Nephi 7:9-10,12 - Now this secret combination, which had brought so great iniquity upon the people, did gather themselves together, and did place at their head a man whom they did call Jacob; And they did call him their king; therefore he became a king over this wicked band; and he was one of the chiefest who had given his voice against the prophets who testified of Jesus. ... Therefore, Jacob seeing that their enemies were more numerous than they, he being the king of the band, therefore he commanded his people that they should take their flight into the northernmost part of the land [likely into the land northward, and quite possibly from the place of security in the land of Zarahemla, the land Bountiful and the land of Desolation (3 Nephi 3:23, 3 Nephi 4:15)], and there build up unto themselves a kingdom, until they were joined by dissenters (for he flattered them that there would be many dissenters), and they become sufficiently strong to contend with the tribes of the people; and they did so [in ~29 AD, becoming the people of king Jacob, and possibly founding the city of Jacobugath; see also the note and conjecture at the city of Kishkumen concerning unmapped cities].

. 3 Nephi 11 Chapter Heading - Jesus Christ did show himself unto the people of Nephi, as the multitude were gathered together in the land Bountiful, and did minister unto them; and on this wise did he show himself unto them. Comprising 3rd Nephi, chapters 11 to 26 inclusive.

3 Nephi 11:1 - AND now it came to pass that there were a great multitude gathered together, of the people of Nephi, round about the temple which was in the land Bountiful; and they were marveling and wondering one with another, and were showing one to another the great and marvelous change which had taken place [~34 AD when the Savior visited and taught the Nephites following His crucifixion and resurrection at Jerusalem].

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. NOTE: The fortifications of the city Bountiful, the city of Ammonihah, the city of Noah and later other cities (in fact, likely all Nephite cities--Alma 50:1), were the first use of city fortifications, prepared under the instructions of Moroni (Alma 49:8) starting in ~72 BC. See a more extensive note concerning these city fortifications at the Place of Security, including a complete list of the fortified cities which are named in the record. .
. NOTE about Temples in Book of Mormon Lands.
At least three temples were constructed in the Americas: first in the Land of Nephi [in ~588-570 BC], and later at Zarahemla and here at Bountiful. . 2 Nephi 5:16 - And I, Nephi, did build a temple [in the greater land of Nephi (2 Nephi 5:8), in ~588-570 BC, likely near the land of Shilom]; and I did construct it after the manner of the temple of Solomon (1 Kings 6) save it were not built of so many precious things; for they were not to be found upon the land, wherefore, it could not be built like unto Solomon's temple. But the manner of the construction was like unto the temple of Solomon (1 Kings 6:2-10,15-38, 7:13-51, 2 Chronicles 3, 4); and the workmanship thereof was exceedingly fine. From a tower near the temple, King Noah could see the land of Shilom and the land of Shemlon [in ~160 BC (Mosiah 11:1-2)]. . Mosiah 1:18 - And now, it came to pass [in ~81 BC] that Mosiah went and did as his father had commanded him, and proclaimed unto all the people who were in the land of Zarahemla that thereby they might gather themselves together [in ~124 BC], to go up to the temple to hear the words which his father should speak unto them. (See also Mosiah 2:1-5). . 3 Nephi 11:1 - And now it came to pass [in ~34 AD] that there were a great multitude gathered together, of the people of Nephi, round about the temple which was in the land Bountiful; and they were marveling and wondering one with another, and were showing one to another the great and marvelous change which had taken place. . Alma 16:13 - And Alma and Amulek went forth [likely somewhere around the land of Ammonihah, perhaps in Sidom and/or Melek] preaching repentance to the people in their temples, and in their sanctuaries, and also in their synagogues, which were built after the manner of the Jews [between ~91 and ~77 BC]. . Alma 23:2 - Yea, he [the king of the Lamanites] sent a decree among them [the Lamanites], that they should not lay their hands on them to bind them [Ammon, Aaron, Omner, Himni and their brethren (Alma 23:1)], or to cast them into prison; neither should they spit upon them, nor smite them, nor cast them out of their synagogues, nor scourge them; neither should they cast stones at them, but that they should have free access to their houses [of worship], and also their temples, and their sanctuaries [between ~90 and ~77 BC]. . Alma 26:29 - And we have entered into their houses [of worship] and taught them, and we have taught them in their streets; yea, and we have taught them upon their hills; and we have also entered into their temples and their synagogues and taught them; and we have been cast out, and mocked, and spit upon, and smote upon our cheeks; and we have been stoned, and taken and bound with strong cords, and cast into prison; and through the power and wisdom of God we have been delivered again [between ~90 and ~77 BC]. . In the ~40s BC, Helaman and his brethren taught the people in the land Northward in their temples (Helaman 3:9,14). . .

A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.P.Q.R.S.T.U.V.W.X.Y.Z .

City by the Sea, Comnor (hill Comnor), Corihor, Cumeni, Cumorah (hill Cumorah/Ramah), .

City by the Sea

Coordinates: [B,1].

Alma 56:31-36 - And we [Helaman and his 2,000 stripling warriors who were sons of the pacifist people of Ammon (Alma 56:5,9)] were to march near the city of Antiparah, as if we were going to the city beyond, in the borders by the seashore. And it came to pass that we did march forth, as if with our provisions, to go to that city [by the Sea]. And it came to pass that Antipus did march forth with a part of his army, leaving the remainder to maintain the city [of Judea]. But he did not march forth until I had gone forth with my little army, and came near the city Antiparah. And now, in the city Antiparah were stationed the strongest army of the Lamanites; yea, the most numerous. And it came to pass that when they [the Lamanites] had been informed by their spies, they came forth with their army and marched against us. And it came to pass that we did flee before them, northward [into the West Wilderness]. And thus we did lead away the most powerful army of the Lamanites; ...

Corihor, land of,
or valley of

Coordinates: [A,2].

Ether 14:27 - And so terrible was the destruction among the armies of Shiz that the people began to be frightened, and began to flee before the armies of Coriantumr; and they fled to the land of Corihor, and swept off the inhabitants before them, all them that would not join them.

Ether 14:28 - And they [the army of Shiz (Ether 14:27)] pitched their tents in the valley of Corihor; and Coriantumr pitched his tents in the valley of Shurr. Now the valley of Shurr was near the hill Comnor; wherefore, Coriantumr did gather his armies together upon the hill Comnor, and did sound a trumpet unto the armies of Shiz to invite them forth to battle.

[We infer that the valley of Corihor was within hailing distance by a trumpet blast from the hill Comnor (Ether 14:28)].

Cumeni, city of

Coordinates: [B,1].

Alma 56:13-15 - And now these are the cities of which the Lamanites have obtained possession by the shedding of the blood of so many of our valiant men; The land of Manti, or the city of Manti, and the city of Zeezrom, and the city of Cumeni, and the city of Antiparah. And these are the cities which they possessed when I [Helaman (Alma 56:9)] arrived at the city of Judea; and I found Antipus and his men toiling with their might to fortify the city [of Judea].

Alma 57:7,8,12 - And it came to pass that it was our desire to wage a battle with the army which was placed to protect the city Cumeni. And now behold, I will show unto you that we soon accomplished our desire; yea, with our strong force, or with a part of our strong force, we did surround, by night, the city Cumeni, a little before they were to receive a supply of provisions. ... And it came to pass that not many days had passed away before the Lamanites began to lose all hopes of succor; therefore they yielded up the city [of Cumeni] unto our hands; and thus we had accomplished our designs in obtaining the city Cumeni.

Alma 57:31,34 - And they cried unto us, saying—Behold, the armies of the Lamanites are marching towards the city of Cumeni; and behold, they will fall upon them, yea, and will destroy our people. ... And behold, when they had fled and we could not overtake them, we took our march with speed towards the city Cumeni; and behold, we did arrive in time that we might assist our brethren in preserving the city.

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[In the battle at Cumeni, the 2,060 Stripling Warriors, who were sons of the pacifist people of Ammon (Alma 56:5,9), suffered many wounds. But again they contributed significantly to the victory, and were all preserved again from death (Alma 57:22,25-27), as they had been preserved earlier in the battle in the West Wilderness.] .
. NOTE: The fortifications of the city of Cumeni, the city of Ammonihah, the city of Noah and later other cities (in fact, likely all Nephite cities--Alma 50:1), were the first use of city fortifications, prepared under the instructions of Moroni (Alma 49:8) starting in ~72 BC. See a more extensive note concerning these city fortifications at the Place of Security, including a complete list of the fortified cities which are named in the record. .

Cumorah/Ramah,
land of,
and Hill Cumorah

Coordinates: [A,3].

Mormon 6:2,4 - And I, Mormon, wrote an epistle unto the king of the Lamanites, and desired of him that he would grant unto us that we might gather together our people unto the land of Cumorah, by a hill which was called Cumorah, and there we could give them battle. ... And it came to pass that we did march forth to the land of Cumorah, and we did pitch our tents around about the hill Cumorah; and it was in a land of many waters, rivers, and fountains; and here we had hope to gain advantage over the Lamanites.

Mormon 6:5-6,11 - And when three hundred and eighty and four years [~385 AD] had passed away, we had gathered in all the remainder of our people unto the land of Cumorah. And it came to pass that when we had gathered in all our people in one to the land of Cumorah, behold I, Mormon, began to be old; and knowing it to be the last struggle of my people, and having been commanded of the Lord that I should not suffer the records which had been handed down by our fathers, which were sacred, to fall into the hands of the Lamanites, (for the Lamanites would destroy them) therefore I made this record [from which was translated most all the Book of Mormon] out of the plates of Nephi, and hid up in the hill Cumorah all the records which had been entrusted to me by the hand of the Lord, save it were these few plates which I gave unto my son Moroni. ... And when they had gone through and hewn down all my people save it were twenty and four of us, (among whom was my son Moroni) and we having survived the dead of our people, did behold on the morrow, when the Lamanites had returned unto their camps, from the top of the hill Cumorah, the ten thousand of my people who were hewn down, being led in the front by me.

. [In all, some quarter of a million Nephites soldiers plus their wives and families were slaughtered by the Lamanites (who likely lost similar numbers) in this final battle around ~385 AD. Moroni laments their loss (Mormon 6:17-22): "O ye fair ones, how could ye have departed from the ways of the Lord! O ye fair ones, how could ye have rejected that Jesus, who stood with open arms to receive you! Behold, if ye had not done this, ye would not have fallen. But behold, ye are fallen, and I mourn your loss. O ye fair sons and daughters, ye fathers and mothers, ye husbands and wives, ye fair ones, how is it that ye could have fallen! But behold, ye are gone, and my sorrows cannot bring your return. And the day soon cometh that your mortal must put on immortality, and these bodies which are now moldering in corruption must soon become incorruptible bodies; and then ye must stand before the judgment-seat of Christ, to be judged according to your works; and if it so be that ye are righteous, then are ye blessed with your fathers who have gone before you. O that ye had repented before this great destruction had come upon you. But behold, ye are gone, and the Father, yea, the Eternal Father of heaven, knoweth your state; and he doeth with you according to his justice and mercy."].

This was the same place where just over ~500 years earlier the entire Jaredite nation (something like 6,000,000 souls - Ether 15:2) had finished destroying themselves (Ether 15:11-33).

Ether 15:2 - He saw that there had been slain by the sword already nearly two millions of his people, and he began to sorrow in his heart; yea, there had been slain two millions of mighty men, and also their wives and their children.

. Ether 9:3 - And the Lord warned Omer in a dream that he should depart out of the land; wherefore Omer departed out of the land with his family, and traveled many days, and came over and passed by the hill of Shim, and came over by the place where the Nephites were destroyed [Cumorah/Ramah], and from thence eastward, and came to a place which was called Ablom, by the seashore, and there he pitched his tent, and also his sons and his daughters, and all his household, save it were Jared and his family.

Ether 15:11 - [These are Moroni's comments as he abridged the record]. And it came to pass that the army of Coriantumr did pitch their tents by the hill Ramah[between ~279 and ~130 BC]; and it was that same hill [that the Nephites called the hill Cumorah] where my father Mormon did hide up [in ~385 AD (Mormon 6:6)] the records unto the Lord, which were sacred.
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A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.P.Q.R.S.T.U.V.W.X.Y.Z .

David, Desolation, Desolation of Nehors (Ammonihah--see also note below). .

David, land of

Coordinates: [B,1].

Mormon 2:5 - And they did also drive us forth out of the land of David.

Desolation,
land of, or city of

Coordinates: [A,1] and [A,2].

Alma 22:29-33 - And also there were many Lamanites on the east by the seashore, whither the Nephites had driven them. And thus the Nephites were nearly surrounded by the Lamanites; nevertheless the Nephites had taken possession of all the northern parts of the land bordering on the [Narrow Strip of] wilderness, at the head of the river Sidon, from the east to the west, round about on the wilderness side; on the north, even until they came to the land which they called Bountiful. And it bordered upon the land which they called Desolation, it being so far northward that it came into the land which had been peopled and been destroyed [the Jaredites, whose cities are lettered in RED, and which are located in the Land Northward], of whose bones we have spoken, which was discovered by the people of Zarahemla, it being the place of their first landing. And they came from there up into the south wilderness. Thus the land on the northward was called Desolation, and the land on the southward was called Bountiful, it being the wilderness which is filled with all manner of wild animals of every kind, a part of which had come from the land northward for food. And now, it was only the distance of a day and a half’s journey for a Nephite, on the line Bountiful and the land Desolation, from the east to the west sea; and thus the land of Nephi and the land of Zarahemla were nearly surrounded by water, there being a small neck of land between the land northward and the land southward. And it came to pass that the Nephites had inhabited the land Bountiful, even from the east unto the west sea, ...

Alma 46:17 - And it came to pass that when he [Moroni, Nephite commander] had poured out his soul to God, he named all the land which was south of the land Desolation, yea, and in fine, all the land, both on the north and on the south—A chosen land, and the land of liberty.

Alma 50:33-34 - Therefore Moroni sent an army, with their camp, to head [off] the people of Morianton, to stop their flight into the land northward. And it came to pass that they did not head them [off] until they had come to the borders of the land Desolation; and there they did head them [off], by the narrow pass which led by the sea into the land northward, yea, by the sea, on the west and on the east.

Alma 63:5-8 And it came to pass that Hagoth, he being an exceedingly curious man, therefore he went forth and built him an exceedingly large ship, on the borders of the land Bountiful, by the land Desolation, and launched it forth into the west sea, by the narrow neck which led into the land northward. And behold, there were many of the Nephites who did enter therein and did sail forth with much provisions, and also many women and children; and they took their course northward. And thus ended the thirty and seventh year. And in the thirty and eighth year, this man built other ships. And the first ship did also return, and many more people did enter into it; and they also took much provisions, and set out again to the land northward. And it came to pass that they were never heard of more. And we suppose that they were drowned in the depths of the sea. And it came to pass that one other ship also did sail forth; and whither she did go we know not.

3 Nephi 3:22-23 - 22 And it came to pass in the seventeenth year, in the latter end of the year, the proclamation of Lachoneus had gone forth throughout all the face of the land, and they had taken their horses, and their chariots, and their cattle, and all their flocks, and their herds, and their grain, and all their substance, and did march forth by thousands and by tens of thousands, until they had all gone forth to the place which had been appointed that they should gather themselves together, to defend themselves against their enemies. And the land which was appointed was the land of Zarahemla, and the land which was between the land Zarahemla and the land Bountiful, yea, to the line which was between the land Bountiful and the land Desolation.

3 Nephi 4:23 - And it came to pass that Zemnarihah [leader of the attacking army of robbers (3 Nephi 4:17)] did give command unto his people that they should withdraw themselves from the siege [around the Nephites' place of security in the land of Zarahemla, the land Bountiful and the land of Desolation (3 Nephi 3:23, 3 Nephi 4:15)], and march into the furthermost parts of the land northward. [But the retreating army was stopped in this march by Gidgiddoni (leader of the Nephites), and defeated, and Zemnarihah was hanged (3 Nephi 4:25-28) in ~21 AD].

3 Nephi 7:9-10,12 - Now this secret combination, which had brought so great iniquity upon the people, did gather themselves together, and did place at their head a man whom they did call Jacob; And they did call him their king; therefore he became a king over this wicked band; and he was one of the chiefest who had given his voice against the prophets who testified of Jesus. ... Therefore, Jacob seeing that their enemies were more numerous than they, he being the king of the band, therefore he commanded his people that they should take their flight into the northernmost part of the land [likely into the land northward, and quite possibly from the place of security in the land of Zarahemla, the land Bountiful and the land of Desolation (3 Nephi 3:23, 3 Nephi 4:15)], and there build up unto themselves a kingdom, until they were joined by dissenters (for he flattered them that there would be many dissenters), and they become sufficiently strong to contend with the tribes of the people; and they did so [in ~29 AD, becoming the people of king Jacob, and possibly founding the city of Jacobugath; see also the note and conjecture at the city of Kishkumen concerning unmapped cities].

Mormon 3:5 - And it came to pass that I [Mormon (Mormon 3:11)] did cause my people that they should gather themselves together at the land Desolation, to a city [Desolation] which was in the borders, by the narrow pass which led into the land southward [~360 AD (Mormon 3:4)].

Mormon 4:3,6-8,13-14 - And the remainder did flee and join the inhabitants of the city Teancum. Now the city Teancum lay in the borders by the seashore; and it was also near the city Desolation. ... And it came to pass that the Lamanites did make preparations to come against the city Teancum. And it came to pass in the three hundred and sixty and fourth year [~364 AD] the Lamanites did come against the city Teancum, that they might take possession of the city Teancum also. And it came to pass that they were repulsed and driven back by the Nephites. And when the Nephites saw that they had driven the Lamanites they did again boast of their own strength; and they went forth in their own might, and took possession again of the city Desolation. ... And it came to pass that the Lamanites did take possession of the city Desolation, and this because their number did exceed the number of the Nephites. And they did also march forward against the city Teancum, and did drive the inhabitants forth out of her, and did take many prisoners both women and children, and did offer them up as sacrifices unto their idol gods.

Mormon 4:19 - And it came to pass that the Lamanites did come down against the city Desolation; and there was an exceedingly sore battle fought in the land Desolation, in the which they did beat the Nephites.

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. [NOTE-1: Alma 16:10-11 refers to the city of Ammonihah as the Desolation of Nehors after it was sacked in a single day by the Lamanites: "But behold, in one day it was left desolate; and the carcasses were mangled by dogs and wild beasts of the wilderness. Nevertheless, after many days their dead bodies were heaped up upon the face of the earth, and they were covered with a shallow covering. And now so great was the scent thereof that the people did not go in to possess the land of Ammonihah for many years. And it was called Desolation of Nehors; for they were of the profession of Nehor, who were slain; and their lands remained desolate."]

[NOTE-2: Helaman 3:4-6 observes that "Yea, and even they did spread forth into all parts of the land, into whatever parts it had not been rendered desolate and without timber, because of the many inhabitants who had before inherited the land. And now no part of the land was desolate, save it were for timber; but because of the greatness of the destruction of the people who had before inhabited the land it was called desolate."]

[NOTE-3: On our map we show the city of Teancum South of the city of Desolation. If the Nephite and the Lamanite armies, who were fighting over both cities in ~366 AD were positioned such that the Lamanites were always advancing from the South, and the Nephites were always approaching from (or retreating to) the North, as seems likely, then the city of Teancum is likely to the North of the city of Desolation because the sequence is usually that the Lamanites attack the city of Desolation first, then go on to the city of Teancum (Mormon 4:2-6, then 4:13-14). At any rate, the city of Teancum is nearby to the city of Desolation. For now, we leave the map as it is. ... Here is a link to the city of Teancum.]

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. NOTE on first use of the term "Christians" to denote those who had taken upon themselves the name of Christ:
Alma 46:13-16 - And he [Moroni] fastened on his head-plate, and his breastplate, and his shields, and girded on his armor about his loins; and he took the pole, which had on the end thereof his rent coat, (and he called it the title of liberty) and he bowed himself to the earth, and he prayed mightily unto his God for the blessings of liberty to rest upon his brethren, so long as there should a band of Christians remain to possess the land—For thus were all the true believers of Christ, who belonged to the church of God, called by those who did not belong to the church. And those who did belong to the church were faithful; yea, all those who were true believers in Christ took upon them, gladly, the name of Christ, or Christians as they were called, because of their belief in Christ who should come. And therefore, at this time, Moroni prayed that the cause of the Christians, and the freedom of the land might be favored.

In all the land southward Moroni raised his Title of Liberty and proclaimed (Alma 46:17) in ~73 BC all the land south of the land Desolation to be a chosen land and a land of liberty to the Nephites (Alma 46:13-16). The Amalikiahites (who wanted Amalikiah to be crowned king) had fled from the land of Zarahemla (Alma 46:33) to the land of Nephi (Alma 46:29) at the approach of Chief Captain Moroni (Alma 46:29-30) and his army.
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A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.P.Q.R.S.T.U.V.W.X.Y.Z .

East Wilderness, Ephraim (hill Ephraim). .

East Wilderness

Coordinates: [B,2] and [B,3].

[It stretched from the River Sidon to the seashore of the Sea East (Alma 50:9,11)].

Alma 25:8 - Now this martyrdom caused that many of their brethren should be stirred up to anger; and there began to be contention in the wilderness; and the Lamanites began to hunt the seed of Amulon and his brethren and began to slay them; and they fled into the east wilderness.

Alma 43:22 - Behold, now it came to pass that they durst not come against the Nephites in the borders of Jershon; therefore they departed out of the land of Antionum into the [East] wilderness, and took their journey round about in the [South] wilderness, away by the head of the river Sidon, that they might come into the land of Manti and take possession of the land; for they did not suppose that the armies of Moroni would know whither they had gone.

Alma 50:7 - And it came to pass that Moroni caused that his armies should go forth into the east wilderness; yea, and they went forth and drove all the Lamanites who were in the east wilderness into their own lands, which were south of the land of Zarahemla.

Alma 50:9 - And it came to pass that when Moroni had driven all the Lamanites out of the east wilderness, which was north of the lands of their own possessions, he caused that the inhabitants who were in the land of Zarahemla and in the land round about should go forth into the east wilderness, even to the borders by the seashore, and possess the land. [This ~71 BC resettlement may have included the east wilderness and all the cities along the east coast north of the narrow strip of wilderness, witness their setting of the foundations of the new city of Moroni (Alma 50:13) and also the new cities of Nephihah and Lehi (Alma 50:14-15). These were confident, prosperous, and happy times for the Nephites (Alma 50:18,23)].

Alma 50:11 - And thus he cut off all the strongholds of the Lamanites in the east wilderness, yea, and also on the west [Wilderness], fortifying the line between the Nephites and the Lamanites, between the land of Zarahemla and the land of Nephi, from the west sea, running by the head of the river Sidon—the Nephites possessing all the land northward, yea, even all the land which was northward of the land Bountiful, according to their pleasure.
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A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.P.Q.R.S.T.U.V.W.X.Y.Z .

Fathers' First Inheritance (Land of Fathers' First Inheritance), Forest of Mormon (Waters of Mormon), Fortified cities (see notes at Place of Security). .

Forest of Mormon

Coordinates: [C,3].
See Waters of Mormon.
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A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.P.Q.R.S.T.U.V.W.X.Y.Z .

Gad, Gadiandi, Gadiomnah, Gid, Gideon, Gilgal City, Gilgal Valley (Valley of Gilgal), Gimgimno. .

Gad, city of

Unmapped Nephite or Lamanite place name.

3 Nephi 9:9-10 - And behold, that great city Jacobugath, which was inhabited by the people of king Jacob, have I caused to be burned with fire because of their sins and their wickedness, which was above all the wickedness of the whole earth, because of their secret murders and combinations; for it was they that did destroy the peace of my people and the government of the land; therefore I did cause them to be burned, to destroy them from before my face, that the blood of the prophets and the saints should not come up unto me any more against them. And behold, the city of Laman, and the city of Josh, and the city of Gad, and the city of Kishkumen, have I caused to be burned with fire, and the inhabitants thereof, because of their wickedness in casting out the prophets, and stoning those whom I did send to declare unto them concerning their wickedness and their abominations. [This destruction occurred in ~34 AD at the time of the crucifixion of the Savior at Jerusalem. See also the note and conjecture at the city of Kishkumen concerning unmapped cities.]

Gadiandi, city of

Unmapped Nephite or Lamanite place name.

3 Nephi 9:8 - And behold, the city of Gadiandi, and the city of Gadiomnah, and the city of Jacob, and the city of Gimgimno, all these have I caused to be sunk, and made hills and valleys in the places thereof; and the inhabitants thereof have I buried up in the depths of the earth, to hide their wickedness and abominations from before my face, that the blood of the prophets and the saints should not come up any more unto me against them. [This destruction occurred in ~34 AD at the time of the crucifixion of the Savior at Jerusalem. See also the note and conjecture at the city of Kishkumen concerning unmapped cities.]

Gadiomnah,
city of

Unmapped Nephite or Lamanite place name.

3 Nephi 9:8 - And behold, the city of Gadiandi, and the city of Gadiomnah, and the city of Jacob, and the city of Gimgimno, all these have I caused to be sunk, and made hills and valleys in the places thereof; and the inhabitants thereof have I buried up in the depths of the earth, to hide their wickedness and abominations from before my face, that the blood of the prophets and the saints should not come up any more unto me against them. [This destruction occurred in ~34 AD at the time of the crucifixion of the Savior at Jerusalem. See also the note and conjecture at the city of Kishkumen concerning unmapped cities.]

Gid, city of

Coordinates: [B,3].

Alma 51:26 - And thus he went on, taking possession of many cities, the city of Nephihah, and the city of Lehi, and the city of Morianton, and the city of Omner, and the city of Gid, and the city of Mulek, all of which were on the east borders by the seashore.

Alma 55:16 - And now this was according to the design of Moroni. And Moroni had prepared his men with weapons of war; and he went to the city Gid, while the Lamanites were in a deep sleep and drunken, and cast in weapons of war unto the prisoners, insomuch that they were all armed;

Alma 55:26 - And it came to pass that when he had fortified the city Gid, according to his desires, he caused that his prisoners should be taken to the city Bountiful; and he also guarded that city with an exceedingly strong force.

Helaman 5:14-16 - And they did remember his words; and therefore they went forth, keeping the commandments of God, to teach the word of God among all the people of Nephi, beginning at the city Bountiful; And from thenceforth to the city of Gid; and from the city of Gid to the city of Mulek; And even from one city to another, until they had gone forth among all the people of Nephi who were in the land southward; and from thence into the land of Zarahemla, among the Lamanites.

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. NOTE: The fortifications of the city of Gid, the city of Ammonihah, the city of Noah and later other cities (in fact, likely all Nephite cities--Alma 50:1), were the first use of city fortifications, prepared under the instructions of Moroni (Alma 49:8) starting in ~72 BC. See a more extensive note concerning these city fortifications at the Place of Security, including a complete list of the fortified cities which are named in the record. .

Gideon, land of,
or city of,
or valley of

Coordinates: [B,2].

Alma 2:15,20 - And it came to pass that the Amlicites came upon the hill Amnihu, which was east of the river Sidon, which ran by the land of Zarahemla, and there they began to make war with the Nephites. ... And it came to pass that when Alma could pursue the Amlicites no longer he caused that his people should pitch their tents in the valley of Gideon, the valley being called after that Gideon who was slain by the hand of Nehor with the sword; and in this valley the Nephites did pitch their tents for the night.

Alma 6:7 - And now it came to pass that when Alma had made these regulations he departed from them, yea, from the church which was in the city of Zarahemla, and went over upon the east of the river Sidon, into the valley of Gideon, there having been a city built, which was called the city of Gideon, which was in the valley that was called Gideon, being called after the man who was slain by the hand of Nehor with the sword.

Alma 8:1 - AND now it came to pass that Alma returned from the land of Gideon, after having taught the people of Gideon many things which cannot be written, having established the order of the church, according as he had before done in the land of Zarahemla, yea, he returned to his own house at Zarahemla to rest himself from the labors which he had performed.

Alma 17:1 - AND now it came to pass that as Alma was journeying from the land of Gideon southward, away to the land of Manti, behold, to his astonishment, he met with the sons of Mosiah journeying towards the land of Zarahemla.

Alma 61:5 - And behold, they have driven me out before them [from his judgment-seat in Zarahemla], and I have fled to the land of Gideon, with as many men as it were possible that I could get.

Alma 62:6 - And thus, when Moroni had gathered together whatsoever men he could in all his march, he came to the land of Gideon; and uniting his forces with those of Pahoran they became exceedingly strong, even stronger than the men of Pachus, who was the king of those dissenters who had driven the freemen out of the land of Zarahemla and had taken possession of the land.

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. Samuel the Lamanite prophet pronounced his "wo" on the city of Gideon in ~6 BC because its wickedness. See the note on Samuel the Lamanite at the city of Zarahemla. .

Gilgal, city of

Unmapped Nephite or Lamanite place name (unrelated to the Jaredite valley of Gilgal in [A,2]).

3 Nephi 9:6 - And behold, the city of Gilgal have I caused to be sunk, and the inhabitants thereof to be buried up in the depths of the earth;

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. NOTE on the unmapped city of Gilgal. . Possibly, the city of Gilgal is somewhere in the cell B-3. Here is the [tortured] logic. . The context of the above reference is the Savior's proclamation (in ~34 AD after His crucifixion at Jerusalem) of the destruction of many people and cities for their wickedness (chapter heading for 3 Nephi 9). 3 Nephi 9:6 is the only scriptural reference to the city of Gilgal. Therefore, all of this is little more than geographic conjecture. . Most of the Nephite (and perhaps Lamanite) cities and lands, etc., were named after people. "Now it was the custom of the people of Nephi to call their lands, and their cities, and their villages, yea, even all their small villages, after the name of him who first possessed them; ..." [Alma 8:7; also, e.g., Alma 6:7, referring to the valley and city of Gideon]. Perhaps the city of Gilgal was named after the Nephite chieftain Gilgal (Mormon 6:14). That being the case, Gilgal is a Nephite city. . In the Savior's proclamation, He cites the destruction "that great city of Zarahemla," and other Nephite cities: Moroni, Moronihah, and then the city of Gilgal. Since they are all in B cells, the latter two in cell B-3, perhaps the city of Gilgal is also in cell B-3. . In His proclamation, the Savior then goes on to cite the destruction of the Lamanite cities of Onihah, Mocum, and Jerusalem (all in cell C-3); and He also cites other unmapped cities: Gad, Gadiandi, Gadiomnah, Gimgimno, Jacobugath, Josh, Kishkumen and Laman. . See also the note and conjecture at the city of Kishkumen concerning that city and other unmapped cities. .

Gimgimno,
city of

Unmapped Nephite or Lamanite place name.

3 Nephi 9:8 - And behold, the city of Gadiandi, and the city of Gadiomnah, and the city of Jacob, and the city of Gimgimno, all these have I caused to be sunk, and made hills and valleys in the places thereof; and the inhabitants thereof have I buried up in the depths of the earth, to hide their wickedness and abominations from before my face, that the blood of the prophets and the saints should not come up any more unto me against them. [This destruction occurred in ~34 AD at the time of the crucifixion of the Savior at Jerusalem. See also the note and conjecture at the city of Kishkumen concerning unmapped cities.